Chemometrics and Statistics coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chemometrics and Statistics coursework - Essay Example nce in pharmacological activities (Xu et al,2012).They are also known to be similar in terms of morphology, hence normally classified by experts or herb farmers. This process needs a long term experience and it is based on the judgment that is subjective. Furthermore, they tend to be fragile as well as very hard to be differentiated in cases when the aerial parts are missing. In regards to this, it is important to develop a method that could be able to differentiate this plants and the method which is not based on the plant appearance (Fan et al, 2006). There are previous methods that are used in the differentiation of AS and AH.They include gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and relies on essential oils and X-ray fluorescence analysis (Su, 1999). In relation to these procedures, in the course of the isolation of the essential oils through either solvent extraction or hydro-distillation, it is seen to be tedious and there is a high consumption of a large volume of both the solvent and the sample (such as 50–100 g). Hence, at this point, it is important to have solvent-free, a simple and rapid sample pretreatment method like headspace sampling. Such technique has also the advantage whereby fewer samples is required (normally less than 1g) and the capacity of being automated through a commercialized sampling system Head space is a gas space in a chromatography vial located above sample. The component of the volatile sample usually diffuse into the gas phase and later if forms headspace gas. Therefore, headspace analytical technique involves the analyzing the components that are present in that gas. Â  Headspace G-C is the most appropriate in the analysis of volatiles that are very light in the given sample which can be partitioned efficiently into the headspace gas volume from the solid or liquid matrix sample. Higher boiling semi-volatiles and volatiles are known not to be detected in such a technique because in the gas headspace volume, they do

Discussion of the problems in monetary control that the Bank of Essay

Discussion of the problems in monetary control that the Bank of England faces - Essay Example The second issue is exogeneity. This is because existing models of money demand have traditionally treated explanatory variables in theoretical money demand functions as exogenously given (or determined elsewhere). However, consistent estimates of the parameters of the money demand functions are easy to be retrieved (Thomas 1997, p.2). Thomas (1997, p.46) also found out that increases in the stock of money have a strong short-term impact on consumption which conquers the effects of real interest rates. Despite that money is treated as an indicator of economic circumstances facing households, households' response to a variety of economic shocks is a complex dynamic interaction of money, credit and expenditure that interpretation of these shocks' effects on broad money cannot be simply made. As Thomas' study results suggest that there is a strong interaction between personal sector holdings of M4 and consumption, factoring consumption patterns into money demand and supply determination may ease the problem on monetary control. Another solution to the problem is the use of the Divisia money concept.

Juvenile Courts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Juvenile Courts - Coursework Example Some juveniles lacked the cognitive capacity to judge between the â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† calling for proper counselling and rehabilitation for a given duration. According to the article, the intent of juvenile court establishment has changed with time. Juvenile courts were not meant to punish juvenile offenders but to give guidance through rehabilitation and counselling programs (Soulier & Charles, 2010). Juveniles, as mentioned in the article, lack the cognitive capacity to commit an offense intentionally. This is because they are still in the developmental stage and through rehabilitation and counselling, they get to realise their mistakes or offenses. Today, some juvenile offenses are channelled to the adult courts and this is contrary to the initial juvenile court act as depicted by the article (Soulier & Charles, 2010). In the adult courts, criminals or offenders are subjected to harsh and weighty punishments that tend to be unbearable to the juvenile. A juvenile being in the developmental stage, should be advised and engaged in activities that boost their cognitive stamina or capacity. Many juveniles who have been incarcerated tend to repeat similar offenses due to lack of proper guidance. Some juveniles may also commit an offense due to psychological or mental problems. This makes it necessary to conduct medical examination on a juvenile and administer possible psychological or mental therapies. All these activities should be within the jurisdiction of a juvenile court. According to the author’s notion, abolishing juvenile courts is ideal and important to the society. Juveniles in the contemporary world are treated as adults and this makes it difficult to reduce juvenile delinquency. Jailing of juveniles destroy their future because of the stigma and lack of cognitive stamina growth to differentiate good and bad (Soulier & Charles, 2010). Counselling and rehabilitation creates both psychological and mental awareness of